Dr. Chris Masterjohn, PhD - Mitochondria, Micronutrients, and How Nutrition Actually Drives Longevity

When cellular energy production is impaired, no diet, supplement, or health protocol can work as intended.

In this episode, Dr. Chris Masterjohn, nutrition scientist and expert in micronutrients and metabolism, explains why mitochondrial function is the limiting factor behind stalled progress, persistent fatigue, and supplements that stop working over time.

He breaks down why vitamin D supplementation often creates new problems when it is taken without proper nutrient balance, how high doses can disrupt other systems in the body, and why sunlight has biological effects that vitamin D pills alone cannot replicate.

This conversation explores:

  • Why mitochondrial bottlenecks explain most energy and health plateaus

  • How micronutrient deficiencies undermine supplements and biohacks

  • When creatine supports cellular energy and why it works differently than most supplements

  • Why vitamin D supplementation can backfire without context and balance

  • Why sunlight affects biology in ways supplements cannot replace

  • How diet, fasting, and exercise interact with mitochondrial capacity

  • Why optimizing one system often breaks another without proper foundations

Chapters:

00:00:00 Trailer

00:01:25 Why Testing Beats Guessing (Baselines, Context, and Real-World Fatigue)

00:05:44 What Mitochondria Actually Do (And What “Dysfunction” Looks Like)

00:08:44 Energy Triage: Allocation vs Production

00:16:56 Mitochondrial Bottlenecks and Why Diet Needs Differ

00:22:54 Exercise Types and How They Target Mitochondria

00:27:03 Why Fasting and Feeding Signals Matter

00:37:18 Creatine Explained: The Cellular Energy System

00:38:59 CoQ10: When It Helps (And When It Backfires)

00:52:42 Creatine Side Effects and How to Fix Them

00:57:47 Self-Experimentation: How to Avoid Fooling Yourself

01:06:08 Hypoxia, Altitude, and Mitochondrial Stress

01:12:49 Sunlight as a Mitochondrial Signal (Why Light Matters Beyond Vitamin D)

01:28:01 Vitamin D Targets: Functional Medicine Ranges vs Real Individual Response

01:29:50 Why Higher Vitamin D Can Create Nutrient Imbalances (A, K2, and Tradeoffs)

01:31:22 Sleep and Brain Energy: Why Sleep Is a “Reset” Mechanism

01:35:19 Why Placebo Effects Confuse Supplement Results

01:39:03 Testing Energy Metabolism Beyond Glucose (What to Look For)

01:40:55 Red Light Therapy: Dosing, Limits, and Individual Response

01:51:21 Sauna, Detox, Heat Adaptation, Cold Exposure, and “Borrowing” Energy

02:06:28 Mitochondrial Turnover: Clearing the Bad Ones and Rebuilding New

02:09:44 Autophagy Myths and Why They Don’t Match Real-World Outcomes

02:26:50 GLP-1 Drugs vs Fixing the Food Environment

02:38:45 Final Thoughts: Fix the Environment Before the Intervention

Connect with Kayla:

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Learn more about Dr Chris Masterjohn’s work:

Website: https://www.chrismasterjohn-phd.com/
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/chrismasterjohn/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@chrismasterjohn


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Dr. Jessica Shepherd, MD – Menopause, Hormone Therapy and Bone Health